Paléographie musicale

Paleographie musicale

Na internetovej stránke kláštora v Solesmes – Francúzsko (ktorý tohto roku oslavuje 1000 rokov od založenia v roku 1010) sa môžeme dočítať:

V roku 1833 sa mladý kňaz z diecézy Le Mans, Dom Prosper Guéranger podujal obnoviť benediktínsky rehoľný život na mieste starého kláštora v Solesmes po štyridsiatich rokoch odmlky v dôsledku francúzskej revolúcie. Postavil sa za obnovenie gregoriánskeho spevu a s entuziazmom začal túto myšlienku uskutočňovať, žiadajúc svojich spolubratov aby pri prednese rešpektovali prvoradosť textu, výslovnosť, prízvuky a frázovanie, s prihliadnutím na zachovanie zrozumiteľnosti v záujme služby modlitbe. Do rúk jedného z bratov zveril Dom Guéranger aj úlohu obnoviť autentické chorálne melódie.

Znaky zo starých rukopisov podobné “drobným mušincom” boli v tom čase nerozlúštiteľné. Čoskoro však objav fotografie priniesol so sebou nečakané výhody. Postupne sa podarilo v Solesmes vybudovať zbierku najdôležitejších rukopisov liturgického spevu z knižníc celej Európy, ktorá vo svete nemá obdobu. Toto je genéza paleografie v Solesmes.

Prvá čať Paléographie musicale bola vydaná v roku 1889. Cieľom tejto edície je zverejnenie najdôležitejších rukopisov latinského liturgického spevu. Dnes je nám dvanásť zväzkov Paléographie musicale dostupných vďaka Internet Archive online.

Toto je zoznam dostupných zväzkov:

  1. Kódex 339 kláštornej knižnice Sankt-Gallen (X. storočie); tento rukopis je dostupný aj cez virtuálnu knižnicu Codices Electronici Sangallenses
  2. Graduale “Justus ut Palma” v reprodukciách z viac ako 200 rukopisov z deviateho až sedemnásteho storočia – 1. časť
  3. Graduale “Justus ut Palma” v reprodukciách z viac ako 200 rukopisov z deviateho až sedemnásteho storočia – 2. časť
  4. Kódex 121 kláštornej knižnice Einsiedeln (X.-XI. storočia)
  5. Antiphonarium Ambrosianum z British Museum (XII. storočie) Codex Additional 34209
  6. Antiphonarium Ambrosianum z British Museum (XII. storočie) Codex Additional 34209 – Transkripcia
  7. Antiphonarium Tonale Missarum (XI. storočie) Kódex H. 159 z Bibliothèque de l’Ecole de Médecine de Montpellier
  8. Antiphonarium Tonale Missarum (XI. storočie) Kódex H. 159 z Bibliothèque de l’Ecole de Médecine de Montpellier, Facsimile
  9. Monastický Antinár (XII. storočie) Kódex 601 z Bibliothèque capitulaire de Lucques
  10. Gradual Laon 239 – zlúčený do jedného súboru so zväzkom XI – tento rukopis je dostupný aj cez Bibliothèque municipale Ville de Laon
  11. Gradual Chartres 47– zlúčený do jedného súboru so zväzkom X
  12. Monastický Antifonár (XIII. storočie) Kódex F. 160 z Worcester Cathedral Library

Na začiatku prvého zväzku je vložený zošit o histórii tejto edície. Z tohto zošita vyberáme (iba v angličtine):

REMARKS CONCERNING THE ORIGINAL PUBLICATION 1889-

The editors of this compilation are greatly indebted to Dom Jacques Froger for his patient willingness to explain many details of the original publication. Without his help it would have been impossible to piece together the information that is given here on the history of this series.

CONCERNING SERIES I

The original plan was to publish Paléographie as a sort of periodical, with issues appearing quarterly. Vols. I-XVI were published in issues with consecutive numbering, bearing also the Année of publication and an indication of the year and month (for example: Paléographie musicale, Année 1, no. 1, Janvier 1889).

Vols. I-XV were published in quarterly issues (except in time of war) from 1889 until 1956 (published in January, April, July and October). On the cover of the first eight issues (Années 1-2) was printed “Pour paraître tous les trois mois,” or “Paraissant tous les trois mois.” This was changed on nos. 9-62 (Années 3-16) to read “Recueil trimestriel.” Beginning with no. 63 (Année 16, 1904) such an indication does not appear on the cover; the series was nevertheless still published in quarterly issues. The Année of publication was given on the cover only until Année 44 (no. 184); after this number only the number of the issue and the year and month of publication were given (for example, no. 185, Janvier 1955).

The following numbers were published together as double Issues: nos. 15-16 (Juillet/Octobre 1892); 34-35 (Avril/Juillet 1897); 68-69 (Octobre 1905/Janvier 1906); 173-174 (Janvier/Avril 1951); 175-176 (Juillet/Octobre 1951); 177-178 (Janvier/Avril 1952); 179-180 (Juillet/Octobre 1952); 181-184 (Janvier/Octobre 1953, a quadruple issue); issue no. 103 contains Juillet l914, Octobre l914, and Décembre 1921.

The contents of the various issues was in some respects Irregular. Some issues overlapped and extended into two different volumes of the series, or contained supplementary material for previous issues, material that anticipated as yet unpublished issues, or various inserts (e.g.  errata).

Vol. XVI contains four issues, but as these issues were sent together to the subscribers in October 1956, the dates on the issues are fictitious. Beginning with Vol. XVII the series was issued in complete volumes without numbered issues.

The material in Vols. VII and VIII was originally planned for publication in one volume. However, the preliminary commentary was in the end so extensive that it alone was published in Vol. VII, and the facsimile plates were published in Vol. VIII. This division of text and facsimile plates, however, was done after the fact. Thus it comes that in issues 47-67 a single issue may contain a few signatures of text (belonging in Vol. VII) and a few signatures of facsimile plates (belonging in Vol. VIII).

Vol. XV was first published in issues in the same manner as the previous volumes. However, because of the interruption occasioned by World War II, publication of this volume, begun in January 1937, was not completed until October 1953 (publication of the volume was first resumed after the war in 1951). This volume was also published in toto by Desclée In Tournai in 1953. Because publication of the volume extended over 16 years, the various sections are the work of severa1 hands. The volume was begun by Dom Hesbert and finished and corrected by Dom Hourlier and Dom Huglo. The foreword (pp. 1-15) Is by Dom Gajard; pp. 51-156 (a catalog of Benevantan manuscripts) were begun by Dom Hesbert and finished by Dom Hourlier (p. 71 through the top of p. 74 is attributable to Dom Hesbert, edited before 1938); pp. 157-161 (table of neumes)  were done by Dom Hourlier, as also the description of the manuscript, pp. 162-175.

From time to time, during the 85 years of publication, problems have arisen with regard to the numbering of the Année of publication. The following notes briefly the Années and years that are problematic to bibliographers: (For a more complete listing of Années, see Part III, p.xii.

Année 24 = 1912; through error Année 24 was extended to 1913, so that Année 24 includes 1912-13.
Année 25 = 1914+1921. Because of World War I publication was halted from October 1914 until December 1921.
Année 33 = 1929, and, through error, also 1930.

With no. 145 (April 1932) the error concerning Année 33 was corrected, so that
Année 35 = 1932 (January only)
Année 36 = 1932 (April-October ).
Année 40 = 1936, and, through error, also 1937.
Année 42 = 1939+1951. Publication was halted because of World War II.

CONCERNING SERIES II: MONUMENTALE

The volumes of Séries II were published complete; they are not divided into issues. Although the two volumes of Series II are part of Paléographie musicale, they were conceived as an afterthought, an afterthought that has now outlived its reason for existence.

In its original conception, as reflected in the series title, Paléographie musicale should contain primarily facsimiles of Latin chant manuscripts (“Res, non verba”). However, Dom Mocquereau and Dom Gajard found it necessary to publish, in the Paléographie volumes, substantial essays that were not directly related to the manuscript under consideration. Some of the subscribers to the series reacted negatively to the inclusion of the essays, even to the point of cancelling their subsoriptions. To amend the situation, Dom Mocquereau published L’Antiphonaire de Hartker in a second series of Paléographie musicale. This second series. Series II: Monumentale, was to contain only the monument (the manuscript in question) and necessary material related to it (introduction, tables, etc.). The purpose of this series was explained by Dom Mocquereau in the preface of volume one . (In the reprint of this volume this introduction and the tables of manuscripts have been completely re-edited by Dom Froger.)

Beginning with Vol. XVI the series was returned to its original concept, thus eliminating the necessity for Series II. Vol. XVI and continuation of Paléographie musicale are to contain only material directly related to the manuscript being published in facsimile, including bibliography , discussions of provenance, tables organizing the contents, and the like. The essays on other aspects of chant are now published in the periodical ETUDES GREGORIENNES.

CONCERNING THE REPRINT

As noted above, the reprint is no longer divided into issues; the issues have been gathered into volumes, the title pages of each issue have been dropped, and the volumes are bound in artificial leather. Other than the necessary omission of now outmoded title pages, the reprint is complete. No integral material has been intentionally omitted. Thirty-one supplementary plates were accidentally omitted from the reprint of Series I, Vol. I, but the publisher has since supplied these plates without charge to those who had received defective volumes.

V spomínanom zošite v prvom zväzku nájdete aj tabuľku s rozdelením jednotlivých zošitov pôvodnej edície do súčasných zväzkov.

Found through Musicologie médiévale

  1. Dear Sir/madam,
    Is there an Englsih edition of the Paleographie Musicale. This publication is so popular with secular music schools. Jeffrey Olsen

    1. Unfortunately, I am not aware of any English translation. I would be interested in it too.

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *